| 密克罗尼西亚国家海洋资源局官员答问 |
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| 2005-09-04 19:15 本处 |
密克罗尼西亚国家海洋资源管理局官员答大使馆有中密关渔业合作问题（英文）
Answers to questions raised by the Chinese Embassy relating to pelagic fisheries in the FSM. （2004，7）
Question 1: The situation of fish resources of FSM and what the foreign companies are catching for commercial use, please offer us some basic data.
Answer : The main stock that the National Oceanic Resource Management Authority (NORMA) deals with in as far as conservation and management is the tuna species, namely skipjack, yellowfin and bigeye. NORMA’s area of competence and jurisdiction is the 200 mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).
The FSM EEZ, 2.78 million km2 in extent, is one of the largest and most productive in the WCPO, spanning 1360-1660 E and 10S to 130N.
The tuna fishery is dominated by foreign vessels licensed under long-standing access agreements, involving purse seine, pole-and-line and longline vessels. Purse seine vessels of 7 different countries, plus FSM flag vessels and FSM arrangement vessels, have taken between 60,000 and 220,000t in the FSM EEZ over the past two decades, with this variability strongly linked to ENSO events. The 2003 catch (over 200,000t) was the highest for a decade. The pole-and-line catch by Japanese vessels has been steadily declining since the early 1990s and is now around 1,000t in most years (1,700t in 2003). The longline catch, by Chinese, Japanese, and Taiwanese vessels, some locally-based, has fluctuated between 5,000 and 10,000t in most recent years (6,660t in 2003), with bigeye and yellowfin comprising the bulk of the catch. Some of the foreign longline vessels are Guam-based and unload their catch there, whilst others unload for airfreight export in FSM ports, especially Pohnpei.
Considerable transhipment and unloading occurs in FSM ports, by purse seine (transhipment) and longline vessels (unloading and transhipment), mainly in Pohnpei in recent years. 135 purse seine transhipments (70,000t) were recorded in 2003.
Subsistence and artisanal fishing for oceanic species, based mainly on trolling and droplining, remains important in some outer islands for food security and income generation. There is also a small informal sport fishery targeting a range of large pelagic fish operating mainly from Pohnpei.
Question 2: What are the fishery management organizations and their relationship?
Answer: The National Oceanic Resource Management Agency (NORMA) is the primary agency responsible for oceanic fisheries conservation and management. Oceanic fisheries conservation and management is the total focus of the work of the NORMA. Coastal and inshore fisheries are dealt with at state government level, with the Fisheries Unit at the Department of Economic Affairs at the National Government acting as the conduit between its states counterparts and any regional, international or foreign organization, entity or state. In as far as development of the oceanic resources, the National Fisheries Corporation (NFC) is the arm agency responsible. With respect to fisheries surveillance and law enforcement, it is the Department of Justice of the FSM that deals with it.
Question 3: What’s the fishery policy of the regional organization? Its development and new trends.
Answer: The policy of the region, namely the Western Central Pacific Ocean Region, especially with the recently coming into effect of the Convention on the Conservation and Management of Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean (Convention), is that conservation and management of the tuna stocks has to be heightened. Similarly, development would have to be carried out in a sustainable manner. There has been some concern regarding the status of the yellowfin and bigeye stock and the region is moving forward to addressing the issue. One particular initiative being progressed on a sub-regional level is the new fishing days scheme aiming to re-orient the current scheme under the Palau Arrangement, which limits purse seine fishing efforts by placing a cap on the total allowable number of purse seine vessels to 205. This new scheme is still in its developmental stage. But once adopted, it would set a global total number of fishing days for the area of application and that global limit will be allocated to the parties to the scheme.
Currently under the Palau Arrangement, the Chinese purse seine fleet is accommodated, allowing for the 6 Chinese purse seine vessels, which are currently being licensed in the region, including the FSM EEZ.
Question 4: China’s fishery cooperation prospects with FSM?
Answer: The FSM has been in the forefront in accommodating the Chinese fishing fleet for many years. For several years, the FSM has been granting the Chinese longline vessels fishing access to its EEZ as well as to its ports for offloadings. For the Chinese purse seine vessels, the FSM has also granted them fishing rights. Initially, only two purse seine vessels had sought fishing access to the FSM EEZ and were granted fishing rights. Later, another two vessels were admitted. Just recently this year, another two vessels were also granted fishing right. In granting those 6 Chinese purse seine vessels’ fishing permits, the FSM has had to negotiate with its regional partners. It proved difficult but had to be done in order to accommodate the Chinese fleet. As a result, the Chinese purse seine fleet is not only enjoying the right to fish in the FSM EEZ but also in other EEZs in the region. The underlying significance of FSM’s willingness to accommodate the fleet is the ability the fleet now enjoys in establishing its presence in the region.
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